Common symptoms in Breastfeeding problem

1. White spots in baby's mouth that don't look like milk or can't be wiped off
2. Itchiness
3. Bleeding nipples
4. Fissures in the areola or nipples
5. Breasts don't leak at all
6. Breasts never seem full
7. Milk squirts out when baby starts to feed
8. Baby gets upset at feedings
9. Feeling pain when your milk comes in
10. Baby refuses to nurse
11. Baby has a hard time nursing after using the bottle
12. Baby only wants to nurse on one breast
13. Sore nipples
14. Overfull nipples
15. Flu-like symptoms
16. Red bumps on breast
17. Bras and shirts are often wet from milk from your breasts

expressing milk using a breast pump

Once your milk has “come in” you may find it easier to use a breast pump, either manual or electric. It is important to follow the manufacturer’s directions regarding use, cleaning and sterilization.

How to use a hand pump

• Stimulate the nipple by hand and start the flow by hand expressing.
• Place the pump shield centrally over your nipple and press it firmly into your breast.
• Use the pump gently but quickly at first - this helps with the let down reflex and mimics what your baby does when they first start a breastfeed.
• Once the milk is flowing use a slower speed but stronger suction.
• There should be no pain or discomfort.

How to use an electric pump

Double pumps are recommended for longer term expressing. It has the benefit of being time efficient and also helps with your milk supply. For mothers of twins or other multiples it is also recommended.

Expressing milk by hand

Using your hands to express your breast milk often takes a little while to master. Some women find that hand expressing their milk comes naturally; others find it an awkward and slow process. Many women find it is initially frustrating and tedious, but after being shown the proper technique and practising, they eventually get the knack. Being able to hand express is a useful skill to have. However, if you are finding hand expressing frustrating, tiring or unproductive, you may wish to try using a breast pump. A breast pump may also be a better option if you are needing to express for every feed, or you may choose to hand express at some times, and use a breast pump at others. 

The advantages of hand expressing are: 

• It costs nothing.
• It is convenient, no breast pumps to prepare, or sterilize.
• It can be done anywhere, any time.
• It can be used to express small amounts of milk to relieve overfull breasts (for comfort) or to gently rub milk onto sore nipples.
• It involves skin to skin contact, which stimulates a greater milk production and helps to trigger a let-down reflex.

How your breasts produce milk

In the first few days after the birth, your breasts produce colostrum , a protein-rich food that supplies your baby with valuable antibodies against infection. Once you begin to produce milk on around the fourth day, your baby will naturally stimulate your body into producing a plentiful supply for his/her dietary needs.

The key to a good milk supply is feeding your baby when he/she wants to be fed - and in the early days that may mean at one – or two – hourly intervals. Breast milk production works on a demand and supply system: the more often your baby nurses, and the more he/she takes, the more your breasts will produce. Supplementary bottles of formula milk will undermine this system: if your baby’s hunger is satisfied by a bottle, he/she won’t be eager to suck and your breasts won’t get the stimulation they need.

Breast milk isn’t all the same. At the beginning of the feed, your baby takes foremilk, which is watery and thirst-quenching. Then he/she gets to the hindmilk, rich in calories and more satisfying. This is why it’s important to let his/her suck for as long as he/she wants to at each feed: otherwise he/she will soon be hungry again.

What you need to do

All you need to do to produce enough milk is to eat a good, balanced diet with plenty of protein, to drink whenever you are thirsty – have a glass of juice or milk on hand while you feed – and to rest as much as you can. Your baby’s natural appetite will do the rest.

You need a lot of energy to produce breast milk, so this is not the time to diet – you will feel run down and exhausted. Follow your appetite, and make sure you get the extra calories you need from fresh, vitamin – rich foods rather than “empty” carbohydrates. While you’re breastfeeding you need to take a vitamin D supplement containing 10 micrograms (mcg). Everything else you should get by eating a varied and balanced diet.     

Breastfeeding strategies

Breastfeeding should be pleasant for both mother and baby, and your baby's distress does not indicate a pleasurable experience. While food allergens in your diet can pass through your milk and affect your baby, it doesn't sound as if that's happening in your case. Infants with food allergies (generally to dairy or wheat products in the mother's diet) have diarrhea, bloating, and abdominal pain after, but not during, feeding.

Gastro esophageal reflux (GER) is also a common cause of pain associated with eating, but, similar to food allergies, the pain from reflux usually occurs immediately or shortly after eating. It sounds as if your suspicions that an overactive milk ejection reflex is responsible for your baby's upset are correct. During breastfeeding, there is usually a balanced supply and demand -- you supply the exact amount of milk that baby needs at a rate he can swallow and digest. Even though some nursing mothers do deliver more milk than a baby can handle at one feeding, by 3 months of age the supply and demand usually clicks in. It sounds as if this balancing has not yet happened for you. You should continue working with your health care provider and pediatrician to find out the exact source of your baby's nursing discomfort. In the meantime, here's how you can help him feed more comfortably:

Handling your new born baby

Most babies like to be handled in a firm way, especially in the early weeks when the sensation of being tightly enclosed whether by your arms, by clothing or by a swaddling shawl, gives a great sense of security. When it comes to actually moving your baby, do it as slowly, as gently and as quietly as you can. There are two main positions for carrying your baby in your arms. The first is with the baby's head in the crook of either arm, slightly higher than the rest of the body, which rests on the lower part of your arm encircled by the wrist and the hand that support her back and bottom. Your other arm provides additional support, to the baby's bottom and legs. This position allows you to talk to and smile at your baby. 

The second way is to hold your baby against the upper part of your chest, with your forearm across her back and her head resting on your shoulder supported by your hand. This position leaves the other hand free, which is useful if you need to pick something up. Otherwise it can provide support to the baby's bottom. 

Handling your newborn baby from head to eyes

Head: The head is one of the most fragile parts of your baby’s body.  A newborn’s skull isn’t fully formed yet.  It will have soft parts called fontanelles, where the bones haven’t fully fused yet. These can be found at the top and the back of the head, and will close over the next two years. Be careful with these parts even though a thick layer of skin already protects them. 

51 weeks old baby's developments and care

51th week your baby is learning just how much he/she can handle. He(she)'s discovered that he/she can hang onto an item in each hand and he/she can even tuck one under his/her arm to pick up a third. You can encourage his/her reasoning and motor skills by offering him/her different tantalizing objects. Your baby is probably becoming increasingly possessive about things that belong to him/her. Welcome to the "mine" stage!

As your baby becomes more self-aware, proclaiming ownership becomes his/her way of asserting his/her identity. To make it easier for your baby to share his/her toys when a friend comes to play, help him/her decide what he/she wants to share and what needs to be put away. It will be a while before your baby understands the concept of sharing, but setting boundaries will help him/her learn that there are things he/she may choose to share with playmates and other things he/she may decide to keep all for him(her)self. The items that aren't to be shared should be put away and not brought out until after the playmate has left.

50 weeks old baby's physical-mental developments and baby care

During 50th week your baby sense of independency is cute much clear by this time in your child. However, he/she goes for it only when he wants it. Babies are normally very moody as at one time they want to have your attention and at the other they simply ignore you playing on their own. You may be ready to collapse at the end of the day, but your baby is too excited by his/her new accomplishments to sleep. During his/her last feeding, hold him/her in your arms in a darkened room and gently rock him/her while singing. By establishing a relaxing bedtime ritual, he(she)'ll soon be able to expect and appreciate the break from his/her intense day. 

Your baby is eating solid foods, it's important that you know how many calories he/she needs each day to grow strong and healthy without over-feeding him/her. A one-year-old child needs approximately 1200 to 1300 calories each day, or about 40 calories for each inch of height. There are so many empty calorie foods on the market today and childhood obesity is rampant in the United States, so it's important to establish a healthy diet early.

Newborn Baby's 48th Week: your baby is very near to his/her first birthday

48th week your baby is very near to his/her first birthday. Time really flies too fast. Last year at this stage, you didn’t even think of this big moment. One year has passed so quickly and your baby is getting more active, energetic and strong. Throughout the development of baby, it is perhaps a big occasion for you than your baby. He/she is too young to understand the concept of time and may not be able to understand it for another couple of years.

This week your baby may or may not be walking yet, but he(she)'s certainly trying to get around. He/she cruises on furniture, holds your hands while taking steps, and may not even want to sit down. This is a major milestone, though babies may take that first unassisted step at anywhere from 8 to 15 months. You can help him/her walking skills be giving his/her a sturdy push-pull toy, and placing furniture in strategic areas to encourage his/her cruising.

At 48th week old, babies usually range from 27.25 inches long and 17.5 pounds (10th percentile) to 30.25 inches long and 23 pounds (90th percentile). Your baby's appetite will go through many changes and about this time it might drop, even while his/her interest in food increases. Babies usually triple their birth weight by their first birthday, but only gain a few pounds between the first and second. Don't worry about your baby not eating enough, he/she will eat all he/she needs, and will learn to stop when he/she is full. 

Newborn Baby's 47th Week: milk is important for your baby’s brain and bone development

During 47th week your baby is mastering his/her verbal skills naturally, there are few steps that you can take to speed up this process. To begin with, always talk to your baby in a clear tone. Speak each word properly and avoid talking to your baby in Baby Talk. Whenever you talk about anything, signal at that thing so that your baby will able to make connection of the word with object. 

Your baby is still learning and if you force them he/she might lose his/her interest and his/her learning may become slow. Always look for fun-oriented teaching methodology to keep his/her interest alive and also to pace up the process of learning. Encourage your baby for every right response. Repeat single thing several times before your child so that he/she understands it well.

This week milk is important for your baby’s brain and bone development. There are several ways to cut the cholesterol supply, while still providing your baby the nutritious milk necessary for his/her growth. Low cholesterol food is fish which is extremely good from health point of view. It is not only good and healthy food for adults, children also like it. Fish contain low fats, but highly rich in imega-3 oil.

Newborn Baby's Week 46: Some babies have started walking around

During 46th week your baby has gotten the hang of finger foods; the next step is learning to use tools. Give him/her a toddler-sized plastic spoon and some cut or mashed food and show him/her how to maneuver it into her /his mouth. Each week your baby also makes advances in communication. His/her first words may have been mama or dada. 

Your baby's personality is really blossoming now. Her/his opinions are getting stronger and he/she isn't shy about expressing them. Your baby can now understand and shake his/her head no when he/she doesn't want to do something. She/he will also become excited and clap when he/she has mastered a new skill or task. 

This week some babies are more active than others. Whether your baby is too active or too slow to response, both conditions are equally thought provoking for the parents. Walking around in the house in semi-uncovered condition may increase the curiosity in your children. They might not think of anything else except to play with what they see in front of them. You have to make them realize that what is right and what is wrong. Drawing a line between dos and don’ts from this very stage will make your child understand so many different things.

Newborn Baby's 45th Week: developments, care,tips

This week, your baby continues to stress her/his freedom. This week your babies walking through house a pair of times. 45th week your baby understand more words now, but he/she is probably trying to speak more words as well. Your baby might be able to say several different words that clearly mean something to both of you. Listen closely and be sure to compliment him/her and respond. 

Your acknowledgement and attention are a reward and a great way to encourage your baby to continue learning and talking. At this age still engage more in parallel play, or playing next to each other. But he will quickly learn to play with others and now is a great time to introduce the idea. Look into playgroups in your area if you have trouble finding another baby close in age.

45th week of baby might concern in teeth are continually breakable and prone to certain other injuries irrespective whether these are baby teeth or adult teeth. Often times, a baby can chip his tooth as result of fall. Although, there is nothing to concerned about small chip that your baby’s tooth receive, yet sometimes these are not supposed to be ignored altogether. Whenever you notice a chip in your baby’s tooth, make certain that no sharp edges and bleeding of the gums occur.

Newborn Baby's 44th Week: immature bones and muscles become strong and mature

By 44^th week your baby may start taking short walks while holding onto your hand. She/he also now understands what to do when you are dressing her/him and will staff out both arms and legs to help you. She/he may also be able to drink from a cup all by herself - although some babies may not do this for a few more months. 

Your baby has grown into a monkey as she/he starts to crawl, wiggle, and climb out of the crib, stroller, and highchair. Diaper changes will also become even more challenging because, honestly, who wants to lay there for a whole minute when there's discovering to do. Just be sure to move heavy, hot or otherwise dangerous objects at least 12 inches away from table and counter edges so they're safely out of reach of your baby's curious hands.

Newborn Baby's 43rd Week: your baby has started to walk

By week 43, babies are able to follow simple commands such as, increased knowledge, your baby's ability to communicate increases each week as well. It is probably becoming easier and easier to understand what he/she wants, as he/she begins to indicate this in ways other than crying.

This week your baby has started to walk. He/she is probably walking very well by now. He/she is at home you do not need shoes for his/her feet, but make sure you buy a strong solid pair if for when you leave the house, even it if is just to the front yard. If you go somewhere where your baby could do a lot of walking is sure you bring your stroller along as well. Chances are that although your baby will want to walk, his/her legs will tire quickly and he will want to ride as well.

  

Newborn Baby's 42nd Week: your baby becomes more mobile and independent

42 week of newborn baby is no doubt giving you plenty of exercise! She/he is constantly on the go and discovering new and faster ways to move. Now that he/she is crawling, maybe cruising and perhaps even standing for a moment or two without holding onto anything, your baby may be close to taking his/her first wobbly, unassisted steps. As time goes on, your baby will build confidence and will stand on his/her own for longer periods of time. The more time she/he has to practice using his or her legs, the stronger and more coordinated he/she will be.

As your baby becomes more mobile and independent, you may notice that he/she has a renewed appreciation for cuddling on your lap while you read a book or two at the end of the day. He/she is still your little baby and needs comforting and security after a day of exploring and playing. He/she is also taking a greater interest in the book's pages, and may stare at the images, babble to them, and try to touch them. He/she will love to help turn the pages too. Remember, the more sounds and words your baby hears, the more easily he/she will develop a vocabulary. Take time out each day for this wonderful, educational ritual.

Newborn Baby's 41st Week: to introduce cow's milk

At 11 months, your child is showing plenty of signs of leaving childhood behind and becoming a more independent toddler. This week your baby waiting to introduce cow's milk until a baby is 41 weeks old. There are several reasons to interval the introduction of cow's milk until your baby reaches his first birthday. Most important, breast milk offers the best nutrition for your baby, which is why doctors recommend moms nurse as long as they can. Also, a baby's digestive system sometimes doesn't absorb cow's milk proteins very well. Cow's milk has too much sodium, potassium, and chloride, which can tax your baby's kidneys, as well.

Cow’s milk doesn't have all the vitamins and minerals (especially vitamin E, zinc, and iron) that he needs for growth and development in his/her first year. Giving a baby cow's milk could even cause iron deficiency and internal bleeding. A great source of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin A, milk will build your toddler's bones and teeth and help his/her body regulate his/her blood coagulation and muscle control . Almost all milk is fortified with vitamin D, which helps the body absorb the calcium it needs.

Colostrum, the first milk of a mother is known as liquid gold

Colostrum, the first milk of a mother is known to contain antibodies called immunoglobulins. Colostrum often has a yellow hue compared to breast milk. Colostrum is also known as "liquid gold" because of its fabulous health benefits to babies. Your first milk has taken a long time to come. Don’t worry it is normal. Talking about your first milk, there is an amazing "liquid gold" that typically supplies everything your baby will need during the first few days of his/her life. 

Colostrum contains antibodies to protect your baby from illnesses Colostrum, the first milk contains powerful white blood cells to provide numerous antibodies for your baby.

Colostrum can take useful prevention against harmful bacteria and funguses that may break your baby’s health and to get sick during his/her first few days.  According to the expert opinions that colostrum is closer to human blood and provides infant’s healthy formula through their remarkable ability to fight against disease and illness.

Colostrum also helps the baby in his/her first few days to encouraging the passing of his/her first stool. This stool is also called meconium. This clears excess bilirubin, a substance that causes newborn jaundice and waste-product of dead red blood cells, which is produced in large quantities at birth due to blood volume reduction, from the infant's body and helps prevent jaundice.

Newborn Baby's 28th Week(7 month): The eyesight of a newborn baby is about 8–10 inches

During 28th week your baby will continue to sound as she/he learns how to use his/her tongue, as well as how to shape his/her mouth to create and change sounds. Some of those loud outbreaks are nothing more than an experiment to see how far he/she can project his/her voice. Your baby now has enough coordination to be able to pass a toy from one hand to the other. This also means he/she may be ready to start feeding herself(him), so try some soft finger foods such as ripe fruit or Cheerios.

Your baby is concentrating on fine-tuning his/her fine-motor skills; the games that he/she'll enjoy the most will be open-ended play. One of the best toys you can buy at this age is a set of stacking cups. They're extremely cheap and you'll be surprised at how many different games you can play with them. Try floating them in the bath or filling them with water and watching them sink.

28th week of babies may be able to pull them up to a standing position. A 7-month-old baby boy, on average, will weigh in at 8.16 kg and the average baby girl will weigh about 7.71kg. The boys in the 50th percentile for height will top the charts at 27 inches "tall." A 7-month-old average baby girl will measure up to 26½ inches. Your baby will enjoy playing for longer periods of time. 

Newborn Baby's 25th Week: babies develop skills using different methods

This week your baby have come a long way together. The first half of his/her first year is nearly complete, and you have both learned a huge amount. By this time, most 6-month-old babies are able to sit up on their own and Stay up. While creeping from place to place may still be weeks away, if there is a goal in that little mind, your baby can most likely get himself to his/her destination through a variety of little tricks that he/she has mastered along the way. 

By week 25 you may see the baby begin to do things like move from a seated position to lean forward onto his/her hands, rolling or bottom scooting. You can probably estimate from the name what bottom scooting looks like. In a seated position, these infants will use one hand behind their bottom and one hand in front, to scoot across the room. 

Even though babies develop skills using different methods and on different schedules.  Many babies at this point may be able to pick up small items including small food pieces, slice food like Cheerios to feed himself. It is your sole responsibility to keep an eye on things which are in reach of your baby. Don’t let the things placed in baby reach that are harmful for your babies and small enough to be accepted.

Newborn Baby's 24th Week: Human interaction is incredibly important for baby's development

During 24th week of newborn baby’s teeth will be developed. 24-week-old baby may be able to support his/her own weight by standing straight on his/her legs. 6-month-old baby is still waking up in the middle of the night to be fed, you may want to slowly decrease the amount you feed him/her to eliminate this feeding altogether. 

Your baby's weight at this point can be anywhere from double to triple his/her birth weight. When 6 months old, the average baby boy will weigh 7.71 Kg, and the average baby girl will weigh just about 7.26Kg.

  

By 6 months, many babies are able to support their own weight by standing upright on their legs -- with your help for balance, of progress. Most babies have stopped needing the midnight feeding by 6 months. If you and your baby are not yet sleeping through the night because of the middle-of-the-night feeding, it could be that your baby is waking up out of habit and not true appetite. This week Human interaction is incredibly important for baby's development.