Newborn baby's vision development: prevent an eye infection

Soon after your child’s birth, your doctor will briefly examine his/her eyes to rule out signs of congenital cataracts or other serious neonatal eye problems. Though such eye problems are rare, they must be detected and treated early to minimize their impact on your child's vision development.

Also, an antibiotic ointment is usually applied to your newborn's eyes to help prevent an eye infection from bacteria present in the birth canal. At birth, your baby sees only in black and white and shades of gray. Nerve cells in their retina and brain that control vision are not fully developed. Also, a newborn infant's eyes don't have the ability to accommodate (focus on near objects). So don't be concerned if your baby doesn't seem to be "focusing" on objects, including your face. It just takes time.

Sore throat during childhood

Sore throat is a common problem during childhood, and is usually the result of a bacterial or viral infection. Although sore throat usually resolves without complications, it sometimes requires treatment with an antibiotic. There are some less common causes of sore throat that are serious or even life-threatening. Viruses are the most common cause of sore throat, bacteria are another common cause. Bacteria and viruses are spread from one person to another through hand contact. Hands get contaminated when the sick individual touches their nose or mouth and then touches another person directly or indirectly.

There are many viruses that can cause pain and swelling of the throat. The most common include viruses that cause sore throat as part of an upper respiratory infection, such as the common cold. Other viruses that cause sore throat include influenza, adenovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus. Symptoms that may occur with a viral infection can include a runny nose and congestion, irritation or redness of the eyes, cough, and hoarseness, soreness in the roof of the mouth, a skin rash, or diarrhea. In addition, children with viral infections may have a fever and may feel miserable. A high fever does not necessarily mean that the child has a bacterial infection.

The treatment of sore throat depends upon the cause; strep throat is treated with an antibiotic while viral pharyngitis is treated with rest, pain relievers, and other measures to reduce symptoms. 

Mouth infections in children

A herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV 1) infection happens when the virus gets inside your child’s mouth. This is the primary infection. The virus might then lie asleep in the body (in the nerves of the skin). If it’s triggered again, it can cause cold Wounds on your child’s lips. Your child might complain of a sore mouth. His lips, gums and throat might also be sore. Younger children might simply refuse food or drink, and drool a lot. The lining of your child’s mouth might be swollen and red, and you might be able to see lots of tiny blisters or ulcers. Your child might be irritable and cry a lot, and might also have a fever and swollen neck glands. 

These infections usually clear up within 7-10 days. The major complication of herpes mouth infections is poor fluid intake. This is because your child’s sore mouth makes swallowing painful and difficult. Thrush is an infection of the mouth caused by the candida fungus, also known as yeast. Candida infection is not limited to the mouth; it can occur in other parts of the body as well, causing diaper rash in infants or vaginal yeast infections in women.

Epilepsy in Children

Epilepsy is the occurrence of multiple seizures (fits), but not caused by high fever or recent head/brain injury.  The brain as we all know uses electrical impulses for a lot of its activities. Sometimes, there is a sudden surge in electrical activity in the brain, which causes the seizures. Epileptic seizures are of multiple types. Some may be generalized seizures that occur when the surge of electrical activity affects the whole brain, while some are partial seizures in which only a part of the brain is involved. They manifest themselves in some of the common ways below. 

Absence seizures - Petit mal (generalized seizure)

In this type of seizure, it appears that the child stops doing what they are doing. They stop moving or talking. Their face becomes blank. They seem to just stare. Often those around them may not even notice this seizure. These usually last less than 30 seconds. At the end of the seizure the child completely regains consciousness and continues the previous activity.

Caring for Your Sick Child

Your child gets sick with a viral infection, such as cold, flu or one of the many respiratory viruses, you can do several things to ease her symptoms and prevent serious complications.  The flu usually comes on suddenly and may include these symptoms:

• High fever
• Headache
• Tiredness/weakness 
• Dry cough
• Sore throat
• Runny nose
• Body or muscle aches
• Diarrhea and vomiting also can occur, but are more common in children.

Tips on caring for your sick child

Taking Your Child's Temperature

If you suspect that your child has a fever, it's extremely important that you take your child's temperature properly. Once you have an accurate reading, you'll be able to determine if your child's temperature is high enough for you to give him fever-reducing medication or to call the pediatrician. There are several different methods of taking a child's temperature. Each one has positives and negatives. Which one you use will depend on your child's age and your personal preferences.

Mercury thermometers used to be a common means of taking a child's temperature. This is no longer recommended. In fact, the American Academy of Pediatrics suggests that parents remove all mercury thermometers from their homes to eliminate the potential danger of being exposed to the toxin.

When to take your child's temperature

• When your child feels warm or hot.

• When an infant, age  0 to 2 months, becomes irritable, stops feeding or nursing, is listless or has physical symptoms such as difficulty breathing, frequent vomiting or poor color (pale or bluish)
• From ages 3 months to 5 years when they feel warm AND they are acting ill such as listlessness, irritable, refuses food and drink, has frequent vomiting, or is complaining of headache or abdominal pain.

Ear problems of newborn babies

Ear problems are common among babies. In fact, by age 3, more than 75 percent of children have had an ear infection. Infants with an ear infection will cry inconsolably or show other indications of irritability, according to Medline Plus. Fever and difficulty sleeping are also common signs. Contrary to popular belief, tugging on the ear is not a good indicator, according to Medline Plus, because babies without an infection tug on their ear just as often as those who do have an infection.

Otitis media is the most common type of ear infection in children, according to MedlinePlus. It can be acute, meaning a brief but painful episode, or chronic, meaning it lingers for a long period or comes and goes. Left untreated, such ear infections can become severe, leading to complications such as ruptured ear drums, scarring, hearing loss and meningitis.

Ear infections tend to occur when the Eustachian tubes, which run from the middle ear to the throat, fill with fluid, giving germs a fertile breeding ground. Possible causes of such blockages are allergies, colds, overgrown adenoids and tobacco smoke, according to Medline Plus. Infants' tubes are prone to such backup because they are particularly short, according to Medline Plus.

Eye problems in newborns

In order for a child to have normal vision and development, an eye doctor should examine the child's eye regularly. There are conditions that commonly occur in infants that, if diagnosed early, can be successfully treated. Some of these diseases can only be discovered by an eye examination. However, parents should also report any changes or abnormalities in a child's eye to the eye doctor so that these problems can be evaluated and managed.

Congenital Cataracts

Some infants are born with a cloudy natural lens, which is called a cataract. Cataracts can develop for a variety of reasons like trauma or disease after birth as well. Because the cataract can block the development of vision in the eye of an infant or child, it is important to diagnose this condition and plan a cataract extraction as soon as possible. After removing the cloudy lens, the surgeon can place an artificial lens into the eye or the infant can wear glasses or contact lenses to allow the eye to develop appropriately.

Retinopathy of Prematurity

Retinopathy of prematurity occurs in premature infants. In these infants, the retina in the back of the eye does not fully develop and is replaced with blood vessels and fibrous scar tissue. The scar tissue can lead to retinal detachment and poor vision in the affected eye. Premature infants should be examined by an eye doctor shortly after birth so that this condition can be treated with laser if it is present.

Tips for wearing cloths in your newborn baby

What's the best way to get your new baby dressed in newborn baby clothing? Follow these steps to reduce your frustration and have your newborn dressed in no time flat.

1. Stick your hand all the way up the sleeve or leg, then take hold of your baby's arm or leg, wrapping your hand around toes or fingers, and gently pull it back through the sleeve or leg.
2. Put baby's legs in the short side first and then attempt the longer side second. This minimizes unnecessary twisting and will generally make baby more at ease.
3. In those first months, babies spend a lot of time on their backs and a row of buttons running up their spine will only serve to irritate them. In addition, they are tedious to fasten and to do so, you have to flip your baby over on its stomach while supporting its neck with one hand and snapping or buttoning with the other.

Caring for your babies milk teeth

You should clean your baby's teeth twice a day that helps your baby to avoid teeth problems later on. 

Your baby's first tooth will most likely be a bottom front one, appearing when he's about six months old. However, a few babies are born with a tooth through already. Others are still toothless when they're one. Your baby will eventually have 20 milk teeth, all of which should be through by the time he is about two and a half years old. 

It may seem a long way off now, but it's best to carry on brushing your child's teeth for him until he's at least seven. By that age, he should be able to do it properly for himself. 

Which toothbrush should I buy? 

Baby massage step by step tips

Mainly, Baby massage helps for the overall development of premature babies and also makes the baby healthy and active. Baby massage has its own merits. It forms a stronger link between parent and child.

Baby massage not only provides the baby health and love but it also helps the parent to be familiar with baby's visual symbols and movements. Baby massage relaxes the baby and helps them to get a calm and quiet sleep. Massaging the baby improves the digestive system and helps them to pass gas. A good oil massage helps them to be more flexible and even increases the blood circulation. Baby massage helps to improve the immune system and also helps to improve the skin color of the baby. Baby massage is extremely important and you can continue it till the time the baby is three to four years old.

Step by Step Tips for a perfect baby massage

Baby skin is very soft and gentle. Baby massage has its own benefits and is very easy to perform. One may experience the baby gaining weight, becoming healthy and increased growth because of massage.

Growing and learning your baby

Watching your child grow and learn is a rewarding experience. Every stage brings something new: at first it is rolling over, sitting, crawling, and walking. Once he/she is mastered those, he/she will learn to talk, and will refine his/her co-ordination and dexterity. Although there is nothing as thrilling as watching him take his first steps, the next year will bring some subtler achievements that will fill you with pride. Throughout these pre-school years, your child needs your attention and stimulation.

During first six months you will see your baby develop a real personality and he/she will reward you with plenty of enchanting smiles and gurgles. Although there are a lot of toys aimed at this age group, he/she needs and loves your company most of all. When he is wakeful, talk and smile with him. Plenty of stimulation in the form of things to look at sounds to hear and textures to explore is vital too. 

At around six weeks, let your baby spend some of his wakeful times in a bouncing chair on the floor. If you show him something colorful that makes a noise, he/she will show his interest by wriggling around. He may be able to hold something light if you put it his hands, and soon he/she will reach out clumsily to grab things.

Newborn checks in delivery room

Your baby will examine several times in the first week. The midwife will weight him regularly, and check him daily for any problems or signs of infection. After born, your baby will have several tests and examinations to check that he is healthy and that all is well. Soon after birth a caregiver will perform a general overall check of your baby. This examines your baby's physical appearance, five fingers - five toes etc. and is usually done when the baby is being measured and weighed, in the hour or two after being born. The midwife will weigh your baby and measure his length and the distance around his head. 

Some babies may face challenges after birth. Babies that need special care may be placed in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). This is a part of the hospital where babies are cared for using advanced technology and specially trained health care professionals. 

As soon as he(she)’s born, your midwife will carry out some basic checks:

• Assessing his /her color
• His/her breathing
• His/her heart rate
• His/her movements
• His/her crying

General examination in newborn baby

Handling your new born baby

Most babies like to be handled in a firm way, especially in the early weeks when the sensation of being tightly enclosed whether by your arms, by clothing or by a swaddling shawl, gives a great sense of security. When it comes to actually moving your baby, do it as slowly, as gently and as quietly as you can. There are two main positions for carrying your baby in your arms. The first is with the baby's head in the crook of either arm, slightly higher than the rest of the body, which rests on the lower part of your arm encircled by the wrist and the hand that support her back and bottom. Your other arm provides additional support, to the baby's bottom and legs. This position allows you to talk to and smile at your baby. 

The second way is to hold your baby against the upper part of your chest, with your forearm across her back and her head resting on your shoulder supported by your hand. This position leaves the other hand free, which is useful if you need to pick something up. Otherwise it can provide support to the baby's bottom. 

Handling your newborn baby from head to eyes

Head: The head is one of the most fragile parts of your baby’s body.  A newborn’s skull isn’t fully formed yet.  It will have soft parts called fontanelles, where the bones haven’t fully fused yet. These can be found at the top and the back of the head, and will close over the next two years. Be careful with these parts even though a thick layer of skin already protects them. 

Nappies and nappy care in baby

Newborn nappies are two types they are disposable nappies and re- usable nappies. Disposable nappies are seen as being convenient to use, whether in the home or on the go! They consist of gel molecules which soak up the urine and lock it away from your baby’s skin, thus creating a lower risk of nappy rash.

There are many types of nappies on the market, and the best way of finding a suitable nappy is to experiment with different brands. The main things to look out for are a close snug fit to avoid leakage, and a good elasticated and adjustable waist band and leg holes to allow freedom of movement, and comfort. As your baby grows their needs change, as they become more mobile it is important to choose a nappy that allows a greater sense of freedom.

The amount of nappies you need per day is very variable, on average for a newborn baby you are likely to go through about 12 nappies in a 24 hour period. I would recommend buying nappies in bulk as it is more economical, however remember if your baby is on the borderline of weight, either go up to the next size, or buy a week’s supply at a time. You will find as a newborn they will not be in newborn nappies for long.

 Disposable nappies are not as cost effective or eco-friendly as terry toweling nappies, they contribute approximately 50% of household waste, and however there are eco-friendly nappies available to buy in large supermarkets. Many parents choose disposable nappies, as they are much easier to use, and involve no additional washing, for those in a smaller dwelling where drying washing is much trickier, disposable nappies are certainly more favorable, this does not mean that terry toweling nappies are not an option. 

Newborn baby's cloths and dressing

Size 000 is intended to fit babies from 0-3 months, and 00 to fit babies from 3-6 months. Some bigger newborns might even be ready to go straight into a size 00. You might have to roll the sleeves up, but it won’t be for long. Sizes vary between types of clothes and manufacturers, so you might want to compare them to other garments you already have, rather than going strictly by size. Because babies really do grow very fast, you might want to try buying the minimum number of clothes in each size.

  

Clothes should be soft, comfy and easy to take care of – you won’t have much time on your hands, so it’s best to avoid things that need hand washing and ironing. Look for stretchy jumpsuits that button at the front, and tops with envelope necks that are easier to get over your baby’s head. It’s incredibly tricky to dress (and undress) a shouting baby in something that’s difficult to get over the head, or that has 50 buttons up the back.

Doing the laundry becomes an almost daily occurrence with a baby, but you’ll still need plenty of changes of clothes. As a guide, the following will see you through for a newborn baby:

What to pack in your hospital bag

The 9 months leading up to the day when your child says HELLO (DITO NA ME!!) is your time to prepare. The crib, the diaper bags, the clothes, the toys, the strollers, the bottles, the monthly check-ups and weigh-ins all lead to that one day when you finally go to the hospital to finally meet the little cutie who’s been kicking and moving inside you. You may also need to go into hospital for an overnight stay at some other point during your pregnancy before the birth, and although it's probably over-the-top to have a bag prepared on the off-chance, it is a good idea to be mentally prepared for what you would need to have with you. So here's what to pack for an overnight stay: 

For you 

• Your maternity notes
• A dressing gown you’ll feel comfortable walking around the halls in
• A wash bag with your washing essentials and a hairbrush or comb
• Comfortable house shoes or slippers for when you want to go wandering the corridors
• A towel
• A change of underwear
• Two nightgowns

And if you're preparing a bag for labour then add to that: 

• Any props you plan to use in labour, whether that’s aromatherapy candles, oils, a pillow, massage instruments, rescue remedy, calming music and player etc.
• High energy snacks for yourself and birthing partner Several pairs of old or disposable knickers and at least one nursing bra if you’re planning/hoping to breastfeed
• If you're planning on breastfeeding then take nightgowns that won’t interfere with feeding after the birth i.e. open-fronted

care of newborn twins

Newborn Baby twins are double the work but also double the fun, from splashing in the bath to changing their diapers. The feeling can be overwhelming, just take one day at a time always accepting and asking for help if you need it. Even the most experienced moms can feel the pressures of caring for a newborn let alone caring for twins. When the umbilical cord is cut after delivery (this is painless), it leaves an umbilical cord stump. This will drop off within 1 to 3 weeks. Special care is required to prevent infection.

• Keep the umbilical stump clean and dry
• Let the stump fall of naturally
• Clean with a cotton swab with either cooled boiled water
• To keep from diapers and clothing rubbing the stump try to fold the diaper away from the stump and wear loose fitting clothing

My Best Tips on Bathing Twins

• The best way to bath twins is one at a time, it’s a bit tricky to bath them at the same time at least until they can sit by themselves.
• You can use a baby bath, the family tub or even the kitchen sink. I also used a bath support for our newborn twins, they could lay down keeping their heads out of the water (you could use a couple of hand towels to help with slipping if you don’t have a bath support).
• Get everything ready, towels, washcloths, baby soap and lotion (I used olive oil on our twins it was very gentle on their skin), diapers and clothes.
• I would lay two towels on the floor one for an underlay and the other for drying. This way I could go from the bath then wrapped up in a towel in seconds, babies can get cold quickly.
• You could tandem bath your twins with you and your partner (or helper) one does the bathing and one does the dressing.
• When newborn, babies can be bathed less often so you could bath each twin on alternate days.

Neonatal jaundice symptoms and treatment

Neonatal jaundice means Yellowish staining of the skin and whites of the newborn's eyes by pigment of bile. In newborn babies a degree of jaundice is normal. It is due to the breakdown of red blood cells which release bilirubin into the blood and to the immaturity of the newborn's liver which cannot effectively metabolize the bilirubin and prepare it for excretion into the urine.

Normal neonatal jaundice typically appears between the 2nd and 5th days of life and clears with time. Neonatal jaundice is also referred to as neonatal hyper bilirubinemia and physiologic jaundice of the newborn.

Jaundice is a yellow discoloration of the skin and the white part of the eyes. It results from having too much of a substance called bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is formed when the body breaks down old red blood cells. The liver usually processes and removes the bilirubin from the blood. Jaundice in babies usually occurs because of a normal increase in red blood cell breakdown and the fact that their immature livers are not efficient at removing bilirubin from the bloodstream. 

What is the better sleep position during pregnancy

During pregnancy you may find that your regular sleep positions may no longer work. This is because of your belly’s development. So you want to a comfortable sleeping position during pregnancy. Sleeping is the most important thing during pregnancy. There are some positions may help you to sleep better.

Reasons of an uncomfortable sleeping during pregnancy

1. Increased size of abdomen
2. Back pain
3. Heartburn
4. Shortness of breath
5. Insomnia

forceps delivery using instruments

A forceps delivery is a type of operative vaginal delivery. It's sometimes needed in the course of vaginal childbirth. Forceps are instruments designed to help in the delivery of the fetus by applying traction to the fetal head. Many different types of forceps have been described and developed. 

Generally, forceps consist of 2 mirror image metal instruments that are manipulated to cradle the fetal head and are articulated, after which traction is applied to effect delivery. 

Forceps have 4 major components, they are:

Blades: The blades grasp the fetus. Each blade has a curve to fit around the fetal head. The blades are oval or elliptical and can be with a hole in the middle or solid. Many blades are also curved in a plane 90° from the cephalic curve to fit the maternal pelvis.

Vaginal Delivery Using the Vacuum Extractor

A vacuum extraction is a procedure sometimes done during the course of vaginal childbirth. Vacuum extractors have replaced forceps for many situations in which assistance is required to achieve vaginal delivery. Compared with metal-cup vacuum extractors, soft-cup devices are easier to use and because fewer neonatal scalp injuries; however, they detach more frequently. Vacuum extractors can cause neonatal injury. These devices should be employed when indicated, usually for a no reassuring fetal heart tracing or failure to progress in the second stage of labor. Complications may be minimized if the physician recognizes to the use of vacuum extraction. 

Vacuum extractors is an assisted vaginal delivery, your healthcare practitioner uses either a vacuum device or forceps to help your baby out of the birth canal. Your practitioner may recommend this if you've been pushing for a long time and you're completely worn out, or if your baby's nearly out but his heart rate is "no reassuring." 

Baby food

Baby food is any food, other than breast milk or formula, which is made specifically for infants roughly between the ages of four to six months to 2 years. The food comes in multiple varieties and tastes, can be produced by many manufacturers, or may be table food that the rest of the family is eating, mashed up. Because infants lack teeth, many different baby foods are designed for ease of eating; they are either a soft, liquid paste or an easily chewed food. Babies typically move to consuming baby food once nurture or formula is not sufficient for the child's appetite. Babies do not need to have teeth to transition to eating solid foods. 

Breast milk or principle is the only food your newborn needs. Within four to six months, however, your baby will begin to develop the coordination to move solid food from the front of the mouth to the back for swallowing. At the same time, your baby's head control will improve and he or she will learn to sit with support — essential skills for eating solid foods. Babies begin eating liquid style baby food, sometimes mixed with rice cereal and procedure, or breast milk. Pureed vegetables and fruits are an example of liquid style baby food.  

Your baby is 7-8 months old, he/she can eat '2' baby foods, which include single ingredient and combination foods that are strained, instead of being pureed. Examples are Beech-Nut Naturals Stage 2 Apples & Bananas, Gerber 2nd Foods Garden Vegetables, Heinz Strained Vegetables, and Earth's Best Corn and Butternut Squash.

Ectopic (tubal) pregnancy

An ectopic pregnancy is a pregnancy that occurs outside the uterus.  It is a life-threatening condition to the mother. The fetus cannot persist. The most common place that ectopic pregnancy occurs is in one of the Fallopian tubes.  These are the tubes that transport the egg from the ovary to the uterus. Ectopic pregnancies also can be found on the outside of the uterus, on the ovaries, or attached to the bowel. The most serious complication of an ectopic pregnancy is intra-abdominal hemorrhage (severe bleeding). Ectopic pregnancy is usually found in the first 5-10 weeks of pregnancy.

Fertilization normally occurs in the outer half of the fallopian tube which is called the ampulla. The embryo is then propelled along the fallopian tube, by the coordinated beating of the cilia which line the tube, towards the uterus. An ectopic pregnancy occurs when the embryo gets stuck in the fallopian tube and implants here, instead of moving on to the uterus. 

52 weeks old baby's development and care

During 52 week your babies usually range from 27.75 inches long to 30.5 inches long. During the last year, your baby has gone through from different stages, i.e. from sleeping, eating, and crying to laughing, talking and even clumsy walking. Your baby has now become a social butterfly and by no means resembles a wrinkled newborn. You are ready to celebrate his/her memorable birthday.  

Your baby is already one, there opens more doors for you to inspire him/her. First of all, make certain that the place you are offering your baby to play is safe and fun. Your baby might get bored at some time if you don’t take him/her out in the parks or playgrounds. It is a good idea to take your baby out every now and then so that he/she can explore the world around him/her in improved way. Once he/she starts talking, push toys would help him/her master his/her skills.

Your baby could also start drawing now with both crayons and pencils. Be careful where they are coloring and watch them to keep them from eating the crayons. While they are non-toxic, they can certainly be a bit messy. It might be a good time to invest in Color Wonders, which are markers that only show up on the special paper that comes with them. It is never too early to start protecting your walls and furniture.

51 weeks old baby's developments and care

51th week your baby is learning just how much he/she can handle. He(she)'s discovered that he/she can hang onto an item in each hand and he/she can even tuck one under his/her arm to pick up a third. You can encourage his/her reasoning and motor skills by offering him/her different tantalizing objects. Your baby is probably becoming increasingly possessive about things that belong to him/her. Welcome to the "mine" stage!

As your baby becomes more self-aware, proclaiming ownership becomes his/her way of asserting his/her identity. To make it easier for your baby to share his/her toys when a friend comes to play, help him/her decide what he/she wants to share and what needs to be put away. It will be a while before your baby understands the concept of sharing, but setting boundaries will help him/her learn that there are things he/she may choose to share with playmates and other things he/she may decide to keep all for him(her)self. The items that aren't to be shared should be put away and not brought out until after the playmate has left.

50 weeks old baby's physical-mental developments and baby care

During 50th week your baby sense of independency is cute much clear by this time in your child. However, he/she goes for it only when he wants it. Babies are normally very moody as at one time they want to have your attention and at the other they simply ignore you playing on their own. You may be ready to collapse at the end of the day, but your baby is too excited by his/her new accomplishments to sleep. During his/her last feeding, hold him/her in your arms in a darkened room and gently rock him/her while singing. By establishing a relaxing bedtime ritual, he(she)'ll soon be able to expect and appreciate the break from his/her intense day. 

Your baby is eating solid foods, it's important that you know how many calories he/she needs each day to grow strong and healthy without over-feeding him/her. A one-year-old child needs approximately 1200 to 1300 calories each day, or about 40 calories for each inch of height. There are so many empty calorie foods on the market today and childhood obesity is rampant in the United States, so it's important to establish a healthy diet early.

49 weeks old baby's developments and care

During 49th week your baby may show some signs of separation anxiety. Separation anxiety starts develop in the seventh month of your baby and become more obvious till his/her first birthday. Despite the fact that baby is becoming more independent with each passing week, he/she still aware of the fact that you are always there whenever he/she needs you.

This week your babies can more easily, which is the case when it comes to learning new things. You may notice that as soon as your baby has perfected something new, he/she will drop it in order to perfect the next "new" thing. You shouldn't worry about this and should continue to encourage his/her new activities. 

By the end of this period, most babies can sit independently and Get on hands-and-knees position and crawl,  Pull up to standing position, walk holding on to furniture, and stand without support. This week your baby Say “mama” and “dada” and use these terms specifically referring to a parent and Play interactive gesture games, such as pat-a-cake and peek-a-boo.

Over thirty pregnancy problems and advice

If you are in your thirties, you need an accurate information and advice during pregnancy. Over thirty pregnancy complications want a deep care to mother and child. Monthly ovulation may not correctly in over thirty.

Pregnancy process is like a fertilization process of an egg. Last 4 to 8 days of the ovulation process, the ovary cells have been produced in the uterus. If you are in over thirty, the real problem may occur these stages. Estrogen, the primary female sex hormones are necessary when pregnancy. Over thirty ages the production of Estrogen may not sufficient for a full ovulation process When over thirty pregnancy, some women incorrectly imagine that as long as they have steady menstrual cycles, there is going to be no problem to delivering a child. But real fact is that normal monthly menstrual cycles do not a true sign of a woman’s regular ovulation cycles. 

Regular ovulation cycles depend with age priorities, nature of diseases or because of a wide variety of other reasons. Ovulation cycles, normally stable for any woman, may vary for two or three months after an abortion, or for a year after giving birth to a child. After a woman becomes forty, her body starts getting ready for her pre-menopausal period. So, ovulation may take place at any moment of a menstrual cycle or several times during a cycle. Some women get pregnant even while having a period.

Newborn Baby's 48th Week: your baby is very near to his/her first birthday

48th week your baby is very near to his/her first birthday. Time really flies too fast. Last year at this stage, you didn’t even think of this big moment. One year has passed so quickly and your baby is getting more active, energetic and strong. Throughout the development of baby, it is perhaps a big occasion for you than your baby. He/she is too young to understand the concept of time and may not be able to understand it for another couple of years.

This week your baby may or may not be walking yet, but he(she)'s certainly trying to get around. He/she cruises on furniture, holds your hands while taking steps, and may not even want to sit down. This is a major milestone, though babies may take that first unassisted step at anywhere from 8 to 15 months. You can help him/her walking skills be giving his/her a sturdy push-pull toy, and placing furniture in strategic areas to encourage his/her cruising.

At 48th week old, babies usually range from 27.25 inches long and 17.5 pounds (10th percentile) to 30.25 inches long and 23 pounds (90th percentile). Your baby's appetite will go through many changes and about this time it might drop, even while his/her interest in food increases. Babies usually triple their birth weight by their first birthday, but only gain a few pounds between the first and second. Don't worry about your baby not eating enough, he/she will eat all he/she needs, and will learn to stop when he/she is full.